Modern backend systems have changed dramatically in recent years.
But the heart of good engineering hasn’t: clarity, reliability, observability, and intentional design.

This guide takes a calm and practical look at what “best practice” means in 2025 — without hype, without noise, just the essentials that help you build better systems.

1. Principles That Still Matter

1.1 Simplicity Before Complexity

Backend architecture succeeds when its domain model remains easy to reason about.
Before thinking about microservices, start with: