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Lua for Game Development — Chapter 6: AI Systems — BT, FSM, Utility AI, GOAP, Navigation, Hybrid AI
Game AI is one of Lua’s strongest domains.
Lua scripts drive NPCs in:
- World of Warcraft
- Don’t Starve
- CryEngine titles
- Roblox (Luau)
- Cocos2d-x Lua games
- Thousands of mobile/indie games
Game studios rely heavily on Lua due to:
- Ease of scripting
- Data-driven behavior
- Fast iteration
- Easy debugging and hot reload
- Coroutine-based timelines
This chapter covers all major AI paradigms used in modern games:
- FSM (Finite State Machines)
- Behavior Trees (BT)
- Utility AI (Score-based decision AI)
- GOAP (Goal-Oriented Action Planning)
- Navigation patterns
- Blackboard memory systems
- Hybrid AI architecture for bosses
- Performance tuning for large AI crowds
1. Finite State Machines (FSM)
FSMs are simple, predictable, and great for: