Introduction

TypeScript has quietly become the default language of the web.
In startups and enterprises alike, it is now difficult to find a serious front-end codebase that hasn’t adopted TypeScript—or is not actively migrating toward it.

The reasons are straightforward but profound:

• safer refactoring
• better IDE support
• clearer API contracts
• more predictable runtime behaviour
• fewer production bugs
• far better collaboration in teams

What started as a “typed superset of JavaScript” has evolved into the principal foundation for modern front-end development, especially in frameworks like: